STATISTICS

Medication Statistics.

U.S. data on antidepressant and benzodiazepine use, effect sizes, and discontinuation. Citations on every number.

Reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA, FAPA

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Medication is one of the most common ways anxiety is treated, and the use figures are large. National surveys put recent antidepressant use among U.S. adults in the low-to-mid teens by percentage, and past-year benzodiazepine use near one in eight adults. The average effect sizes for SSRIs and SNRIs in anxiety are small to moderate against placebo, which is a real benefit at the population level but smaller than many people expect.

Key numbers at a glance

~13.2%
U.S. adults using antidepressants, 2015-2018
CDC / NCHS
12.6%
Past-year benzodiazepine use among adults
Maust et al., 2019
SMD ~0.36-0.42
SSRI / SNRI effect size in GAD vs placebo
Hidalgo et al., 2007
~1 in 6
Estimated antidepressant discontinuation symptoms (placebo-adjusted)
Lancet Psychiatry, 2024

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The data in detail

Antidepressant use by sex and age, 2015-2018

Share of U.S. adults who reported taking an antidepressant in the past 30 days, from CDC NHANES as reported in NCHS Data Brief 377. Use rises with age and is roughly twice as common in women as in men. These figures cover all indications, not just anxiety.

Antidepressant use by sex and age, 2015-2018
GroupPast-30-day antidepressant use
U.S. adults overall13.2%
Women17.7%
Men8.4%
Adults 18 to 397.9%
Adults 40 to 5914.4%
Adults 60 and over19.0%

Source: CDC National Center for Health Statistics, Data Brief 377 (NHANES 2015-2018).

Drug effect sizes in generalized anxiety disorder

Standardized mean differences against placebo from the Hidalgo et al. (2007) meta-analysis of drug trials in GAD. These are averages across trials; individual response varies.

Drug effect sizes in generalized anxiety disorder
Drug classEffect size vs placebo (SMD)
SNRIs~0.42
SSRIs~0.36

Source: Hidalgo et al., meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy for GAD, 2007.

Source by source

CDC National Center for Health Statistics

Tracks antidepressant use through NHANES. Across 2015 to 2018, about 13.2 percent of U.S. adults reported taking an antidepressant, with higher use among women than men. These are use figures, not anxiety-specific prescriptions.

Maust et al., 2019 (benzodiazepine use)

Using national survey data, estimated past-year benzodiazepine use at 12.6 percent of adults, most of it prescribed, with a smaller share reporting misuse.

Hidalgo et al., 2007 meta-analysis

Pooled drug trials for generalized anxiety disorder and reported standardized mean differences near 0.36 for SSRIs and 0.42 for SNRIs against placebo, with pregabalin and hydroxyzine in a similar range.

Discontinuation literature

A 2024 Lancet Psychiatry meta-analysis estimated that, after adjusting for placebo, roughly one in six people stopping antidepressants experience discontinuation symptoms, with severe symptoms much less common.

What the data isn't

  • ·Antidepressant and benzodiazepine use figures cover all indications, not just anxiety, so they cannot be read as the share of anxiety patients on medication.
  • ·Effect sizes are averages from trials with selected samples and short follow-up; they do not predict how any individual will respond.
  • ·Discontinuation-symptom estimates vary enormously by drug, dose, duration, and how abruptly the medication is stopped, and by whether the study is a trial or an observational cohort.
  • ·Use is not the same as appropriate use; survey counts cannot tell you whether a prescription matched guidelines.

Sources

CDC National Center for Health Statistics, Antidepressant Use (NHANES)
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm
Date accessed: 2026-06-24
Maust et al., Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among U.S. Adults, Psychiatric Services, 2019
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30554562/
Date accessed: 2026-06-24
Hidalgo et al., drug treatment of GAD meta-analysis, 2007
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17984162/
Date accessed: 2026-06-24
Lancet Psychiatry, antidepressant discontinuation symptoms meta-analysis, 2024
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(24)00133-0/fulltext
Date accessed: 2026-06-24

How to cite

Medication statistics, AnxietyResearch.org, drawing on CDC NHANES antidepressant-use data, Maust et al. (2019) on benzodiazepine use, and Hidalgo et al. (2007) on drug effect sizes in GAD. Accessed 2026-06-24. https://anxietyresearch.org/statistics/medication-statistics

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